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NYC.WORLD· Open Data · FY2026
Overview→Programs→Predatory Lending Crackdown (Yellowstone Capital, $1B Judgment)

Predatory Lending Crackdown (Yellowstone Capital, $1B Judgment)

Tier 415% confidenceSmall BusinessRegulatory

Invisible — outside city budget data

Department of Consumer & Worker ProtectionLaw Department

The Civic Issue

Predatory merchant cash advance (MCA) lenders target small businesses with loans carrying effective interest rates of 200-400%. AG James secured a $1.065B judgment against 25 predatory lenders (including Yellowstone Capital) — cancelling $534M in debt for 1,100+ businesses. But this was a STATE action, not a city one. NYC's consumer protection agency has limited jurisdiction over commercial lending, and the city's own financial empowerment programs focus on individuals, not businesses.

Headline Spending

$0

identifiable in budget

Budget Lines (Adopted)

$45.1M

6 lines

Vendor Spending

$16.8M

7 vendors

Budget Lines

LineAdoptedSpent

OFFICE OF FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT

DCWP - OTHER THAN PERSONAL SERVICE

$29.2M$18.2M

OFFICE OF FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT

DCWP - LICENSING/ENFORCEMENT

$3.0M$1.2M

Consumer Services

DCWP - ADMINISTRATION

$1.5M$869.7K

ENFORCEMENT

DCWP - LICENSING/ENFORCEMENT

$4.4M$2.8M

GENERAL COUNSEL

DCWP - ADMINISTRATION

$5.6M$3.8M

Public Service Loan Forgiveness

DCWP - OTHER THAN PERSONAL SERVICE

$1.4M$0

Vendor Spending (FY2026)

NYC KIDS RISE INC$12.0M9 txns
EAST RIVER DEVELOPMENT ALLIANCE, INC.$1.4M10 txns
ARIVA INC$997.0K29 txns
Grow Brooklyn Inc$759.3K7 txns
NEW YORK LEGAL ASSISTANCE GROUP INC$657.4K9 txns
NEIGHBORHOOD TRUST FINANCIAL PARTNERS INC$514.8K11 txns
BEDFORD STUYVESANT RESTORATION CORP$495.5K6 txns

Total Identifiable Spending

$0 dedicated to predatory business lending enforcement; $32.2M in DCWP Office of Financial Empowerment (individual consumer focus); within the AG's state enforcement jurisdiction

Budget Line Breakdown (Adopted)

Top Vendors

What the Data Shows

NYC has zero dedicated spending on predatory business lending enforcement. DCWP's Office of Financial Empowerment ($32.2M adopted, $28.5M modified) is the city's financial protection infrastructure, but it serves INDIVIDUALS — savings accounts (NYC Kids Rise, $12M), tax prep (ARIVA, $997K), debt counseling (Neighborhood Trust, $515K), and legal assistance (NYLAG, $657K). The General Counsel line ($5.6M) handles all DCWP legal enforcement across every consumer protection domain. The "Public Service Loan Forgiveness" line ($1.4M adopted, tripled to $4.4M modified, $0 cash) is a federal student loan program, not commercial lending — and it's unspent. No vendor named "Yellowstone" or anything related to MCA/predatory lending appears in city spending data.

What the Data Misses

The $1.065B judgment was an AG James (state Attorney General) action — entirely outside city budget authority. The state AG has jurisdiction over commercial lending fraud; the city does not. NYC's Law Department ($236.4M total budget) handles city litigation but would not bring predatory lending cases against private lenders. DCWP's enforcement powers cover consumer protection (debt collection, credit reporting for individuals) but not the merchant cash advance industry. The city could theoretically regulate MCAs through local law, but no such legislation exists. The state's enforcement success highlights a gap where the city lacks both jurisdiction and spending — this is the purest Tier 4 in the small business category.

Key Context

AG James secured a $1.065B judgment against 25 predatory lenders in 2025, including Yellowstone Capital, the industry's largest MCA provider. $534M in debt was cancelled for 1,100+ New York businesses. MCAs operate in a regulatory gray area — they technically buy future receivables rather than make loans, which has historically exempted them from usury laws. The state AG used the Martin Act (NY's broad anti-fraud statute) to bring cases. NYC has no equivalent enforcement mechanism for commercial lending. DCWP's OFE ($32.2M) is entirely individual-focused. The city's relevant policy lever would be new local legislation regulating MCA disclosure or marketing practices, not budget spending.